Modeling of abductive reasoning

The aim of the project is to develop an integrated formal model of abductive reasoning, based on empirical evidence, and to provide its computer implementation.

On the basis on existing research in Dynamic Epistemic Logic, we develop logical systems which will account for pragmatic factors in abductive reasoning (like: epistemic aims and goals of the reasoning agent, costs of obtaining certain information, etc.). Results of empirical research on abductive reasoning, serve as an anchor for prescriptive feasibility of the models being developed. As abduction usually involves processing of massive amounts of data, computer implementation is the most effective way of verification of its models. To this end, we employ both symbolic and connectionist tools, drawing on recent developments in connectionist logic.

The project is funded by National Science Centre (Sonata-Bis grant, DEC-2013/10/E/HS1/00172).

People: Mariusz Urbański, Andrzej Gajda, Dorota Żelechowska, Natalia Żyluk

Former collaborators: Katarzyna Paluszkiewicz, Agata Gołaś, Honorata Helon, Adam Kupś, Mikołaj Michta

Papers:

  • Natalia Żyluk, Karolina Karpe, Mikołaj Michta, Weronika Potok, Katarzyna Paluszkiewicz, Mariusz Urbański (2016). Assessing levels of epistemological understanding: Standardized Epistemological Understanding Assessment (SEUA). Topoi, DOI [additional materials].
  • Mariusz Urbański, Natalia Żyluk, Katarzyna Paluszkiewicz, Joanna Urbańska (2016). A formal model of erotetic reasoning in solving somewhat ill-defined problems. In: D. Mohammed and M. Lewinski (eds.) Argumentation and Reasoned Action. London: College Publications, pp. 973–983.
  • Małgorzata Kisielewska, Mariusz Urbański, Katarzyna Paluszkiewicz (2016). Abduction in one intelligence test. Types of reasoning involved in solving Raven’s Advanced Progressive Matrices. In: L. Magnani and C. Casadio (eds), Model-Based Reasoning in Science and Technology, Studies in Applied Philosophy, Epistemology and Rational Ethics 27, Springer, pp. 419–435, DOI.
  • Andrzej Gajda, Adam Kups, Mariusz Urbański (2016). A connectionist approach to abductive problems: employing a learning algorithm. In: M. Ganzha, L. Maciaszek, M. Paprzycki (eds), Annals of Computer Science and Information Systems, vol. 8: Proceedings of the 2016 Federated Conference on Computer Science and Information Systems, pp. 353–362, DOI.
  • Szymon Chlebowski, Andrzej Gajda (2017). Abductive Question-Answer System (AQAS) for Classical Propositional Logic. In: Henning Christiansen, Hélène Jaudoin, Panagiotis Chountas, Troels Andreasen, Henrik Legind Larsen (eds), Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 10333: Proceedings of Flexible Query Answering Systems—12th International Conference, pp. 3–14, DOI.
  • Natalia Żyluk, Mikołaj Michta, Mariusz Urbański (2017). Yet Another Shade of Deduction. On measuring deductive flexibility and how it may relate to other cognitive abilities. Logic and Logical Philosophy. Online-first, link: http://apcz.umk.pl/czasopisma/index.php/LLP/article/view/LLP.2017.015/12145
  • Paweł Łupkowski, Mariusz Urbański, Andrzej Wiśniewski, Wojciech Błądek, Agata Juska, Anna Kostrzewa, Dominika Pankow, Katarzyna Paluszkiewicz, Oliwia Ignaszak, Joanna Urbańska, Natalia Żyluk, Andrzej Gajda, Bartosz Marciniak [2017]. Erotetic Reasoning Corpus. A data set for research on natural question processing. Journal of Language Modelling, vol. 5(3), pp. 607–631.
  • Mariusz Urbański, Natalia Żyluk (2018). Sets of Situations, Topics, and Question Relevance. In: Oswald, S. and Maillat, D. (eds) Argumentation and Inference: Proceedings of the 2nd European Conference on Argumentation, Fribourg 2017, College Publications, London, vol. 2, pp 857–871.
  • Natalia Żyluk, Mariusz Urbański, Dorota Żelechowska (2019). Abductive reasoning: let’s “Find Out” some models. Logic Journal of the IGPL, jzz037, DOI
  • Mariusz Urbański, Joanna Grzelak (2020). On two simple models for one simple game: ‘Guess Who?’, Inferential Erotetic Logic, and situational semantics. In: M. Urbański, T. Skura, P. Łupkowski (eds.), Reasoning: Games, Cognition, Logic, College Publications, London, pp. 1–18.
  • Aleksandra Czyż, Kinga Ordecka, Andrzej Gajda (2020). Acceptable propositional normal logic programs checking procedure implementation. In: M. Urbański, T. Skura, P. Łupkowski (eds.), Reasoning: Games, Cognition, Logic, College Publications, London, pp. 81–90.

Research reports:

Conferences:

  • Mariusz Urbański, Katarzyna Paluszkiewicz, Joanna Urbańska, Erotetic Reasoning: Formal Modeling of Real Deductive Problem-Solving, 12th ArgDiaP: From Real Data to Argument Mining, Warsaw, May 23–24, 2014.
  • Mariusz Urbański, Katarzyna Paluszkiewicz, Małgorzata Kisielewska, Modelowanie rozwiązywania zadań dedukcyjnych za pomocą Inferencyjnej Logiki Pytań [Modeling deductive problem solving by Inferential Erotetic Logic], X Zjazd Polskiego Towarzystwa Kognitywistycznego, Szczecin, September 25–27, 2014.
  • Mariusz Urbański, Do diversify, panel discussion Force of Legal Arguments: Contemporary Perspectives and Methods, 1st International Workshop for Methodologies for Research on Legal Argumentation, Kraków, December 10, 2014.
  • Mariusz Urbański, Katarzyna Paluszkiewicz, Joanna Urbańska, Erotetic problem-solving and learning: from real data to formal models, RACT 2015: Reasoning, Argumentation and Critical Thinking Instruction, Lund, February 25–27, 2015.
  • Mariusz Urbański, Natalia Maryniaczyk, Katarzyna Paluszkiewicz, Joanna Urbańska, A Formal Model of Erotetic Reasoning in Collaborative Problem Solving, 1st European Conference on Argumentation: Argumentation and Reasoned Action, Lisbon, June 9–12, 2015.
  • Mariusz Urbański, Małgorzata Kisielewska, Katarzyna Paluszkiewicz, Abduction in one intelligence test: Types of reasoning involved in solving Raven’s Advanced Progressive Matrices, Model-Based Reasoning in Science and Technology, Sestri Levante, June 25–27, 2015.
  • Mariusz Urbański, Sylogistyczny model rozumowań abdukcyjnych [Syllogistic model of abductive reasoning], X Polski Zjazd Filozoficzny, Poznań, September 15–19, 2015.
  • Szymon Chlebowski, Andrzej Gajda, Abdukcyjny System Pytanie-Odpowiedź dla normalnych logik modalnych, X Polski Zjazd Filozoficzny, Poznań, September 15–19, 2015.
  • Paweł Łupkowski, Mariusz Urbański, Katarzyna Paluszkiewicz, Oliwia Ignaszak, Natalia Maryniaczyk, Joanna Urbańska, ERC — korpus rozumowań erotetycznych [ERC — Erotetic Reasoning Corpus], 13 ArgDiaP. Siła argumentu: racja, przekonanie, konsensus, Wrocław, November 20–21, 2015.
  • Andrzej Gajda, Szymon Chlebowski, Mariusz Urbański, Emilia Soroko, Subject’s understanding of conditional sentences. Analysis of Socratic dialogues during solving various versions of Wason selection task, VIII Dubrovnik Conference on Cognitive Science, Dubrovnik,  April 28–May 1, 2016.
  • Szymon Chlebowski, Andrzej Gajda, Haskell implementation of Abductive Question-Answer System (AQAS), Applications of Logic in Philosophy and the Foundations of Mathematics, Szklarska Poręba, May 9–13, 2016.
  • Andrzej Gajda, Adam Kups, Abductive problems in a connectionist environment. Computational approach, 2nd Logic and Cognition, Poznań, September 5–6, 2016.
  • Natalia Żyluk, Mikołaj Michta, Deductive Flexibility Test, 2nd Logic and Cognition, Poznań, September 5–6, 2016.
  • Andrzej Gajda, Szymon Chlebowski, Mariusz Urbański, Emilia Soroko, Subject’s understanding of conditional sentences. Analysis of Socratic dialogues during solving various versions of Wason selection task, 2nd Logic and Cognition, Poznań, September 5–6, 2016.
  • Kinga Antonik-Jonczyk, Dajana Bieganowska, Agnieszka Dubowska, Dominika Koch, Iga Kropa, Maciej Małkowski, Dawid Ratajczyk, Anita Steć, Natalia Żyluk, Difficult deductions and fluid intelligence: Deductive Flexibility Test vs Raven’s Advanced Progressive Matrices, 2nd Logic and Cognition, Poznań, September 5–6, 2016.
  • Mariusz Urbański, Abduction: some conceptual issues, 2nd Logic and Cognition, Poznań, September 5–6, 2016.
  • Szymon Chlebowski, Andrzej Gajda, Abductive Question-Answer System for Classical Propositional Logic and some Non-Classical Logics, QuestPro, Poznań, September 9–10, 2016.
  • Andrzej Gajda, Adam Kups, Mariusz Urbański, A connectionist approach to abductive problems: employing a learning algorithm, FedCSIS, Gdańsk, September 11–14, 2016.
  • Szymon Chlebowski, Andrzej Gajda, Implementacja w języku Haskell Abdukcyjnego Systemu Pytanie-Odpowiedź (AQAS) dla klasycznego rachunku zdań, XI Zjazd Polskiego Towarzystwa Kognitywistycznego, Białystok, September 22–24, 2016.
  • Mariusz Urbański, Natalia Żyluk, Semantyka sytuacyjna i logika pytań w analizie rozwiązań zadań abdukcyjnych, XI Zjazd Polskiego Towarzystwa Kognitywistycznego, Białystok, September 22–24, 2016.
  • Szymon Chlebowski, Andrzej Gajda, Haskell implementation of Abductive Question-Answer System (AQAS) for classical propositional logic, Applications of Algebra in Logic and Computer Science XXI, Zakopane, March 20–26, 2017.
  • Mariusz Urbański, Natalia Żyluk, Sets of situations, topics, and question relevance, Reasoning and Analytic Methods, Bratislava, April 27–28, 2017.
  • Szymon Chlebowski, Andrzej Gajda, Mariusz Urbański, Abductive Question-Answer System for minimal logic of formal inconsistency mbC, Reasoning and Analytic Methods, Bratislava, April 27–28, 2017.
  • Andrzej Gajda, An Extension of Fixpoint Characterisation for Grounded Definite and Grounded Acceptable General Logic Programs, 22nd Conference Applications of Logic in Philosophy and the Foundations of Mathematics, Szklarska Poręba, May 8–12, 2017.
  • Mariusz Urbański, Dorota Żelechowska, Natalia Żyluk, Catching abduction. On two instruments for research on abductive reasoning, Ampliative Reasoning in the Sciences, Ghent, May 18–19, 2017.
  • Szymon Chlebowski, Andrzej Gajda, Mariusz Urbański, Logic of questions, abduction, and paraconsistency, Ampliative Reasoning in the Sciences, Ghent, May 18–19, 2017.
  • Mariusz Urbański, Natalia Żyluk, Sets of situations, topics, and question relevance, 2nd European Conference on Argumentation, Fribourg, June 20–23, 2017.
  • Szymon Chlebowski, Andrzej Gajda, Abductive Question-Answer System (AQAS) for Classical Propositional Logic, Flexible Query Answering Systems—12th International Conference, London, June 21–22, 2017.
  • Natalia Żyluk, Dorota Żelechowska, Mariusz Urbański, „Find out”: a new tool for catching abductive reasoning at real-life work, 20th Conference of the European Society for Cognitive Psychology, Potsdam, September 3–6, 2017.
  • Dominika Pankow, Małgorzata Kisielewska, Mariusz Urbański, Error analysis for Raven’s Advanced Matrices in the context of reasoning verbalisation, 20th Conference of the European Society for Cognitive Psychology, Potsdam, September 3–6, 2017.
  • Paweł Łupkowski, Mariusz Urbański, Andrzej Wiśniewski, Erotetic Reasoning Corpus: components, tags, annotation, Logic in the Wild, Ghent, November 9–10, 2017.
  • Natalia Żyluk, Dorota Żelechowska, Mariusz Urbański, „Find Out”: quantitative and qualitative analyses of solutions to an abductive task, Logic in the Wild, Ghent, November 9–10, 2017.
  • Andrzej Gajda, Abduction in connectionist inductive learning and logic programming system, Logic in the Wild, Ghent, November 9–10, 2017.
  • Natalia Żyluk, Mariusz Urbański, Zastosowanie gry „Takie życie” w empirycznym badaniu rozumowań, XIII Międzynarodowa konferencja naukowa „Kulturotwórcza funkcja gier”: Technologie gier w perspektywie kulturowej, Poznań, November 18–19, 2017.
  • Mariusz Urbański, Dorota Żelechowska, Natalia Żyluk, Catching Abduction at Work. On Two Instruments for Research on Abductive Reasoning, Cognition and Language 2017, Brno, November 24–26, 2017.
  • Aleksandra Czyż, Kinga Ordecka, Agata Tomczyk, Szymon Chlebowski, Andrzej Gajda, Haskell implementation of Abductive QuestionAnswer System (AQAS) for classical propositional logic, 13. Poznańskie Forum Kognitywistyczne, Poznań, May 12–13, 2018.
  • Natalia Żyluk, Dorota Żelechowska, Mariusz Urbański, [poster] Jak uchwycić abdukcję? Zastosowanie narzędzia „Find Out” w empirycznym badaniu rozumowań abdukcyjnych, 27. Kolokwia Psychologiczne, Toruń, May 23–25, 2018.
  • Natalia Żyluk, Karolina Karpe, Mikołaj Michta, [poster] Concreteness-abstractness issue in measuring levels of epistemological understanding, VIII European Congress of Methodology, Jena, July 25–27, 2018.
  • Mariusz Urbański, Paweł Łupkowski, Cooperative Multi-Agent Problem Solving from an Interrogative Perspective: Questioning Agendas and Informant’s Credibility, Knowledge representation in multi-agent systems, Toruń, September 7–8, 2018.
  • Aleksandra Czyż, Kinga Ordecka, Andrzej Gajda, Acceptable propositional normal logic programs checking procedure implementation, Logic & Cognition, Poznań, September 12–13, 2018.
  • Mariusz Urbański, Natalia Żyluk, „Why did you ask this question?” Modelling polar questions processing in information-seeking dialogues, 16th ArgDiaP Conference: Argumentation and Corpus Linguistics, Warszawa, September 16, 2018.
  • Andrzej Gajda, Integracja neuronalno-symboliczna: studium przypadku, XII Zjazd PTK: Nowe Trendy w Kognitywistyce, Kraków, September 19–21, 2018.
  • Natalia Żyluk, Dorota Żelechowska, Mariusz Urbański, „Find Out”: formalne modelowanie rozwiązań zadania abdukcyjnego, XII Zjazd PTK: Nowe Trendy w Kognitywistyce, Kraków, September 19–21, 2018.
  • Dorota Żelechowska, Natalia Żyluk, Mariusz Urbański, „Find Out”: omówienie możliwości jakościowej i ilościowej analizy danych, XII Zjazd PTK: Nowe Trendy w Kognitywistyce, Kraków, September 19–21, 2018.
  • Andrzej Gajda, Abductive reasoning in a neural-symbolic system, Third Workshop on Human Reasoning and Computational Logic, Dresden, April 4–5, 2019.
  • Andrzej Gajda, Dominika Gorol, Abductive reasoning in a neural-symbolic systems, Prague Logic Camp, Prague, May 6–9, 2019.
  • Mariusz Urbański, Paweł Łupkowski, Cooperative Multi-Agent Problem Solving from an Interrogative Perspective: Questioning Agendas and Informant’s Credibility. PhilArg@PhiLang 2019, Łódź, May 10–12, 2019.
  • Andrzej Gajda, Aleksandra Czyż, Kinga Ordecka, Piotr Sowiński, Consequence Operators for Logic Programs and the Classical Consequence, 24th Conference Applications of Logic in Philosophy and the Foundations of Mathematics, Szklarska Poręba, May 13–17, 2019.
  • Mariusz Urbański, Formal analysis of reasoning: why, what for, and how?, Research and Education in Interdisciplinary Dimension, Toruń, May 29–31, 2019.
  • Mariusz Urbański, Formal Modelling of Human Reasoning: The story of a hunter-gatherer, seminar of the Section of Logic, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, September 13, 2019.
  • Mariusz Urbański, Joanna Urbańska, Natalia Skrzypczak, Polish normalisation of the selected tests from the Vienna Test System, or How the Steel Was Tempered, ESCOP 2019, Tenerife, September 25–28, 2019.